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Medieval Morality Plays Essay - 1482 Words

Medieval Morality Plays Throughout time, there have been many books, plays, songs, pamphlets, sermons, lectures, etc. written. These writings were all written with some kind of purpose to either inform, persuade, entertain, or teach their audience. One such form of literature not too widely known about is that of the medieval morality plays. These plays were not aimed to entertain, but to teach morals and religion to the uneducated lower classes of people in medieval Europe. The morality plays were also quite necessary to teach and inform the underclass people, through the thoughtful persuasion of play entertainment. Morality plays, as said above, were most popular and most widely present in medieval times. They were also found in†¦show more content†¦(1). There were many other cases when the characters of the morality plays were not abstract qualities. These alternative roles were ones of angels, devils, priests, doctors, fools (found usually in English writings), etc. (1). The morality plays focused on the hero or main character, who#8217;s flaws were pointed out through diabolic forces, but the hero did have the option to choose redemption and take help from figures such as the four daughters of god. (1). One commonly used subject of the morality plays was that of the seven deadly sins. (1). The setup of the morality plays were actually quite simple. In the early development of the plays they did not have much technical structure to them. (Warren 2) Later on, they were usually played outdoors on moving scaffolds with the normal usage of props. (1). When morality plays were first introduced, the were often shown with miracle plays to get the audiences used to them and also to popularize them. (1). Until the later period of the morality plays, they were performed by amateur actors who relied wholly on public support. (Morality Play 1). When it comes to the plot aspect of morality plays, there were four main story lines. The majority of the morality pl ay plots consisted of debates or conflicts. The three which did were the debate of heavenly graces, the debate of soul and body, and the conflict of vices and virtues.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Medieval Morality Plays1481 Words   |  6 PagesMedieval Morality Plays   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout time, there have been many books, plays, songs, pamphlets, sermons, lectures, etc. written. These writings were all written with some kind of purpose to either inform, persuade, entertain, or teach their audience. One such form of literature not too widely known about is that of the medieval morality plays. These plays were not aimed to entertain, but to teach morals and religion to the uneducated lower classes of people in medieval Europe. The moralityRead MoreFaustus as a Medieval Morality Play1603 Words   |  7 PagesFaustus as a Medieval Morality Play By K.Friedman Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus has been influenced by the conventions of a Medieval Morality play through Marlowe’s purely didactic use of the text to encourage Christian values. He uses various dramatised moral allegories that together encompass the themes of divided nature of man allegorised through the good and bad angels that demonstrate virtue and vice, alongside the concept of sin and degradation allegorised by the Seven Deadly SinsRead MoreEveryman As A Medieval Morality Play1684 Words   |  7 Pagesof a medieval morality play.1 The play is a work portraying how God in heaven sends death to call forth every creature to present itself before him to answer for every action in this world. It shows the audience and readers what goes on in life and ending of it all through death. From the very beginning, the play classically shows that it deals with human experiences with the focus on morals. Everyman is a Christian play written to promote Christianity as a re ligion. At the time when the play wasRead MoreEveryman Research Paper1584 Words   |  7 Pages_ENGL 102: Literature and Composition_ SEMESTER OF ENROLLMENT: _Fall D04-2010_ NAME: _Nathalia Santos_ WRITING STYLE USED: _APA_ Thesis: The English morality play â€Å"Everyman† uses allegorical characters to represent what Everyman holds onto and values during his life. Everyman has neglected his spiritual life, but as the play develops Everyman repents of his sins on time. Summoned by Death, Everyman realizes that he is not ready and does not want to die alone. Thereafter, Everyman seeksRead MoreAnalysis Of Goethe s Faust 1410 Words   |  6 PagesIn the catastrophic play, Goethe’s Faust, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is a product of German literature and is said to be one of the greatest Western literature epic poems in history. This play comes from legends that have been spread throughout Europe during the sixteenth century. Many individuals affirm that the main character Faust really existed but this play is still fictional. Faust was an alchemist and was a living magician. In other fictional works of art, Faust has sold his soul to the devilRead MoreThe Percepciont of Death on the Play Everyman Es say1175 Words   |  5 PagesEveryman is a Christian morality play written during the 1400s. No one yet knows who wrote this play. It is said that Everyman is the English translation of similar Dutch morality play of the same period called Elckerlijc. Everyman is generally represented as the best and most original example of the English morality play. â€Å"Like other morality plays from the late medieval period, it is meant to communicate a simple moral lesson to both educated and illiterate audiences† (Gyamfi Schmidt, 2011).Read MorePerception of Death in the Play â€Å"Everyman Essay1101 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play â€Å"everyman† death is depicted as something that is terribly feared as no one seemed ready for it, death is perceived as something that takes one away from the pleasures of this world. Everyman is a classic play written in the 15th century whose subject is the struggle of the soul. This is a morality play and a good example of transition play linking liturgical drama and the secular drama that came at the end of English medieval period. In the play, death is perceived as tragic and isRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Morality Play Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout medieval times, many religions taught their beliefs and ideals by means of putting on plays for the commoners, who often could not understand the languages in which their beliefs were taught in churches and religious settings. Two distinct plays emerged over the medieval time in which religious beliefs were on display in some form for the common people: morality plays and mystery plays. A morality play is a didactic, religious, allegorical play that is not explicitly in regards to a biblicalRead More Symbolism in the Play Everyman Essay456 Words   |  2 PagesSymbolism in the Play Everyman The play Everyman dates back to medieval times and has affected many people throughout the centuries. Many life lessons are looked at throughout the play through symbolism, which helps the reader understand life’s lessons easier. Everyman, an allegory, had symbolism scattered throughout the entire story, which helped to better show lessons learned through life. In Everyman, symbolism is present in many characters, including Good-Deeds,Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Everyman 1194 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A classic allegory is the medieval play Everyman, whose hero represents us all, and who, deserted by false friends called Kindred and Goods, faces the judgement of God accompanied only by a faithful friend called Good Deeds.†1 Everyman was written in the late 15th century by an author that is unknown. It is known as a medieval morality play and out of the morality plays, it is considered as one of the finest. Everyman is possibly a version of a Dutch play known as â€Å"Elckerlyc†. â€Å"It was composed around

Littering of Country Roads Free Essays

We see the signs everywhere, â€Å"LITTERING IS A CRIME PUNISHABLE BY A MAXIMUM $1,000 FINE OR IMPRISONMENT UP TO ONE YEAR, OR BOTH!† (Litter, 2007). The question in the minds of many of us though is â€Å"Why do people litter and especially along our country roads?† One of the definitions used for litter is â€Å"misplaced trash or solid waster† (Litter, 2007). Research in the area of â€Å"why do people litter† has been completed by several organizations and government entities. We will write a custom essay sample on Littering of Country Roads or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will examine some of the reasons I found in the research. One of the factors noted in the research was just simply lack of knowledge of the environmental effects of littering (Why, 2007). It has been shown in studies that just educating those who litter can make a difference in whether or not they continue to litter. We could speculate that possibly many of those in the country will not have as great of access to the information that helps to create an awareness to the problems littering creates. When litter has already accumulated in an area, research has shown the area to be more susceptible by others to be seen as an easy dumping grounds or an invitation to dump more. One of the reasons they encourage volunteers and regular litter clean-ups is to prevent further litter build-up. Because country roads are less likely in general to be a part of litter clean-ups this can add to the problem. Lack of social pressure to do the right thing was mentioned as contributing to the problem (Why, 2007). This could also be a contributing factor as to why litter is often seen more in rural areas or areas where the population tends to have a greater financial disadvantage. Litter in these areas may not be seen as great a priority as more basic needs and problems in the rural neighborhoods. Another factor was mentioned as there being a lack or an absence of consistent enforcement of the laws against littering (Facts, 2004). Although signs may be posted, if there is seen to be lack of enforcement in backing those littering laws, they will have little effect in that area or neighborhood. This can be another reason why there may seem to be more litter along the less visible and often less-traveled country roads. Enforcement officers tend to concentrate where there is greater population. According to one study, if the people or residents of an area have little pride in their neighborhood or in another person’s neighborhood, they are then more apt to toss out trash in that particular area. It also may be that if my neighbors yard is littered, it is less noticeable when my yard is littered. The country roads and rural areas are generally less noticeable than the city or urban areas. It is no secret that individuals with higher income who live in the suburbs have more income to spend on lawn upkeep and continuous lawn maintenance. Many areas in the country attract those with less income who would have less to continuously maintain their properties and the roadways that run along their properties. Lastly, it may be surprising to some, however, not all people see what they toss out as being regarded as litter. Studies show this is often the case for those who toss cigarette butts out the car window. When asked why they toss them along the roadside, they often respond in a way to indicate they do not feel as if cigarette butts, or some items should be included as trash or littering. However, cigarette butts â€Å"can take up to five years to break down† (Facts, 2004). References 2004. Facts about litter. Department of Environment and Conservation. http://www. Environment.nsw.gov (accessed April 21, 2007). 2007. Litter laws. Official Website of the city of Rock Hill. http://www.gov.pe.ca/ enveng/litter/index.php3?number=61866lang=E (accessed April 21, 2007). 2007. Why do people litter? Government of Prince Edward Island. April 21, 2007). Wikipedia contributors, ‘Litter’, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 24 April 2007, 22:02 UTC, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litteroldid=126719517 [accessed 24 April 2007]          How to cite Littering of Country Roads, Essay examples

Brand Quality Inference and Consumer †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Brand Quality Inference and Consumer. Answer: Introduction Pakuranga warehouse is the house for locals and tourists. It is a market where the visitors get to bargain the things they want to buy. It is known as the Auckland night markets, is available in six locations, and offers products for all age group (The Warehouse, 2017). To be successful in future the company needs to carry out successful branding strategy and increase the awareness of the brand. The research paper will be conducted to suggest various strategies through which the company can increase their brand awareness it further analyses various methods through which it can carry out its branding strategy ad increase customer base and customer satisfaction. The main aim of the project is to analyze the branding strategy of Warehouse Pakuranga which it will use to increase its awareness in the market. Brand awareness is the extent to which the consumers of the products know about the availability of the brand. It is useful to a brand in many ways and to create brand awareness it is important that the company analyses consumer behavior. Further, it will also analyze the use of brand awareness to increase customer satisfaction and attract more customer traffic. This is because brand satisfaction is yet another important factor a company should consider successful in short period. Literature review According to Choi (2014) effecting branding is essential for any company and it also put an effect on consumer welfare. By creating a good brand awareness the company can create equity for themselves and also increase their brand loyalty. Brand awareness is thus essential for a company to cope up in this competitive environment. Lambert-Pandraud et al (2017) has stated in their paper that creation of awareness is a critical consideration of a company. Thus, while considering the marketing strategy the company should always give a separate consideration on creating awareness for the brand. Brand awareness offers a well-known benefits t the company that carries it out effectively. It is a way through which the company can analyze the awareness of their brand image among their target customers and helps them to provide a unique name to the goods they produce. Brand awareness is an essential tool to fight competition in todays global environment (Sasmita, Mohd Suki, 2015). It is a good way to offer maximum satisfaction to the customer, which is yet another factor to e considered by a company. Customer satisfaction offers a type of metric to the owner of the company through which they can measure their business (Agnihotri et al 2016). Rubio, Oubia Villaseor (2014) suggested four ways through which a company can reduce the risk they offer to the customer such as information gathering, branding, reassurance and brand loyalty. There has been research conducted on the usefulness of social media page for creating brand recognition and awareness aong the consumer. According to the research, the use of social media is increasing day by day and thus it is the most useful platform for any company to carry out their marketing through social media. Moreover, social media also offers a cost effective platform to the company with more benefits compared to traditional tools (Hutter et al, 2013). There are other promotional activities that the brand can adopt other than social media to increase their brand awareness. According to Rubio, Oubia Villaseor (2014), brand awareness and customer satisfaction is considered as a precursor of brand loyalty. Thus, in order to create a strong brand image and offer maximum customer satisfaction, it is necessary that the company offer a good customer loyalty to the customers. It is only through good loyalty and trust the consumers will opt for that brand. This is because the consumers come across many uncertainties and thus they evaluate the risk obtained from the brand. Only after proper evaluation, the customer fixes its decision. According to Jahanshani et al (2014), customer satisfactions are influenced by two factors such as customer service and product quality. A customer only has a trust towards a company only if they get good quality product from them. In addition to this, customer satisfaction is also influenced by the quality of the service they get while visiting the brand store. Thus, to create customer satisfaction a brand should first focus on t hese two factors. Project approaches For the research, a qualitative analysis will be used through which the researcher can analyze the extent of brand awareness Warehouse Pakuranga has created for themselves. For the research, the researcher will carry out a secondary qualitative research and visit the store to ask about their past marketing strategy. Further, the web sources will also be used to analyze recent news on the company. Secondary research will be done on the basis of a questionnaire and the questions will be asked to the management of the company as well as the customers about their perception about the company. There will be both open ended and closed ended questions in the questionnaire. Applicants will get the chance to share their own views. The result will be stated in a descriptive format in order to make it understandable by anyone. The most important ethical consideration of the research is time and quality. Time should be a crucial consideration while conducting the research, as there is a strain in time. Further, the quality of the result should not be falsified as it may disrupt the accuracy of the research conducted. These two are the most important consideration along with few others, which might be a constraint (Ritchie et al, 2013). Project management Time Decision making Formulation of task Structuring the questionnaire Collection of data Compilation of data Analysis Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Figure 1: (Timeline for research) Source: Authors creation The above figure shows the time allotted to different category of works in while conducting the research. This structuring is essential, as time is a constraint while carrying out the research with good quality. To complete the project various types of resources will be used such as human resources, internet and computer. Human resources include the researcher, the respondents of the questionnaire and the customers. References Agnihotri, R., Dingus, R., Hu, M. Y., Krush, M. T. (2016). Social media: Influencing customer satisfaction in B2B sales.Industrial Marketing Management,53, 172-180. Hutter, K., Hautz, J., Dennhardt, S., Fller, J. (2013). The impact of user interactions in social media on brand awareness and purchase intention: the case of MINI on Facebook.Journal of Product Brand Management,22(5/6), 342-351. Jahanshani, A. A., Hajizadeh, G. M. A., Mirdhamadi, S. A., Nawaser, K., Khaksar, S. M. S. (2014). Study the effects of customer service and product quality on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Lambert-Pandraud, R., Laurent, G., Mullet, E., Yoon, C. (2017) Lambert-Pandraud, R., Laurent, G., Mullet, E., Yoon, C. (2017). Impact of age on brand awareness sets: a turning point in consumers early 60s.Marketing Letters,28(2), 205-218. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Rubio, N., Oubia, J., Villaseor, N. (2014). Brand awarenessBrand quality inference and consumers risk perception in store brands of food products.Food quality and preference,32, 289-298. Sasmita, J., Mohd Suki, N. (2015). Young consumers insights on brand equity: Effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand image.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,43(3), 276-292. The Warehouse | Pakuranga Plaza. (2017).Pakuranga Plaza. Retrieved 5 September 2017, from https://www.pakurangaplaza.co.nz/stores/the-warehouse/

Better a Lie that soothes , than a truth that hurts free essay sample

The quote â€Å"better a lie that soothes, than a truth that hurts† means that it’s better to lie rather than to tell the cold hearted truth. I disagree because if you lie then when the time comes to tell the truth the lies will hurt way more than what it would have been before. Lying only leads to more lying. If you lie once and someone calls you out on that lie then you have to create a bigger lie. You have to adapt to that lie and understand that the lie is the truth from then on. In some cases, it is better to speak the truth in a gentle way. Such as , if a woman were to ask you if she looks fat in a dress than find her a different dress and tell them that the new dress suits her better. However, In some cases its better to speak the truth in a cold hearted way. We will write a custom essay sample on Better a Lie that soothes , than a truth that hurts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, if a grotesque girl likes you at school , you can tell her she is weird and that you don’t like her or want to be friends with her. Lying also can be very hurtful to yourself if you get caught. If you’re not honest with the people you enjoy, then you will end up separated. Lying can result in being imprisoned for being obstructive. Lying can get your job taken away or even something as simple as losing respect from someone. Telling the truth will show that you’re honest and you’re mature enough to tell the truth. Studies have shown that people who tell the truth have no stress, more confidence , and more friends. In conclusion, Lying can end in tragic ways and telling the truth ends in benefits for you. My beliefs are that telling the truth is better than telling a lie because when you have a lie you have to hold the burden and have it go through your head an abundant amount of times.

Free Essays on Fighting Without Force

for love described in the Greek language. They are eros – a romantic love, phillia – the love between close friends, and then there is agape love. Agape is not loving someone because they are likable, but loving someone after they have done something wrong by hating the thing they did wrong not the person. (King, â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence†, Bloom and Breines, p. 16) With the nonviolent resistance movement, King believes that the universe is on their side and that just... Free Essays on Fighting Without Force Free Essays on Fighting Without Force Martin Luther King Jr. was a well-respected speaker and leader for the Civil Rights Movement when blacks struggled the battle of discrimination and segregation. He was a leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and led many blacks in how to fight for desegregation and to stop discrimination. One way he did this was through the power of nonviolence. He spoke out to blacks telling them that they could fight back without force. In Martin Luther King, Junior’s essay, â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence,† he discusses and reminds the black community what nonviolence is and what its effects are, and why to pursue it. It is a reminder that the reason blacks are pursuing the act of nonviolence is not to win victory over the white community, or to humiliate them but to gain respect and understanding. King states that the blacks fight against segregation and discrimination is not just a fight (white vs. black) but a fight between â€Å"justice and injustice.† This meaning it is not the individuals that stand before them they are fighting against but it is more or less the system. King summarizes this by saying that there, â€Å"†¦will be a victory for justice, victory for good will, a victory for democracy.† (King, â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence†, Bloom and Breines, p. 16) Also in the essay, King goes on to discuss that this battle is also for that one day the community will base their lives on love rather than hatred. He explains that there are three words for love described in the Greek language. They are eros – a romantic love, phillia – the love between close friends, and then there is agape love. Agape is not loving someone because they are likable, but loving someone after they have done something wrong by hating the thing they did wrong not the person. (King, â€Å"The Power of Nonviolence†, Bloom and Breines, p. 16) With the nonviolent resistance movement, King believes that the universe is on their side and that just...

TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION - Essay Example For example, in the case of an automobile manufacturer that is unwilling to develop a hybrid electric vehicle, competence will actually be lost rather than gained. Competency is a major factor in this case. Fuel-cell vehicles, on the other hand, are a more radical innovation that requires more significant changes to be made to the body of a vehicle, to its engine, and to the fueling infrastructure. Consumer behavior is also affected more radically, as the technology involved may be unfamiliar to many consumers, necessitating a change in attitude or thinking (Honda, 2009). Some may argue that fuel cell vehicles are competence-destroying for the petroleum companies, which exist dependent on the status quo of petroleum based engines, and perhaps even for many automakers. They might be competence enhancing for battery makers, since the vehicles will require much larger batteries. Until we know more about the changes consumers will have to make to use fuel-cell vehicles, it is difficult to assess whether the technology will be competence enhancing, competence destroying, or competence neutral for them. It would seem to be a situation in which there are currently too many variables; many are waiting for governments and infrastructure manufacturing private entities to choose one type of fuel technology. Currently, the field is rather crowded with options. The issue is bound to be simpler in the future, if there is a single standards of a more ecologically friendly vehicle, and a single accepted technological change. #2 Judging by the Honda case, I think that five main factors will influence the rate at which hybrid electric vehicles are adopted by consumers. The first, and perhaps most obvious, of these factors, is price. While many people are talking about a greener future and reducing individual carbon footprints in today’s ecologically

Ch.5 - Book - America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System by Essay

Ch.5 - Book - America's Courts and the Criminal Justice System by David W. Neubauer, Henry F. Fradella - Essay Example Discretionary decision making occurs in the criminal courts to determine whether the person will enter the system and the kind of treatment the offender will receive while in the system. These decisions lead to development of behaviors, policies and attitudes which are not formally reviewed through the traditional channels within the legal system. In addition, the decisions making laws exist to the distinct disadvantage of the minor offender. The value system, attitudes and characteristics of the people empowered to implement discretion laws as well as the absence of structures to review decisions has contributed to discretionary justice. The decisions are exercised by a local patrolman determine the kind of laws to be enforced and against which person. Discretionary decisions made by a prosecutor determine the person to be charged with an offense and the nature of charge to be passed. The judge exercising discretionary powers in respect to passage of a sentence will determine the am ount of time the person will remain in the

Distress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Distress - Essay Example She first felt the lump in her breast a month prior to admission. She was advised by her GP to have a mammography and the tests revealed that she had a mass in her breast. Further laboratory testing revealed that the mass was malignant and that cancer cells have already metastasized to her liver. She was immediately scheduled for double mastectomy and subsequent chemotherapy. After the surgery, it was discovered that cancer cells also metastasized to her colon. Another surgery is being scheduled to resect the mass in her colon. She is now feeling a lot of distress, mainly because of her children and her family. She is also feeling distress because of her impending surgery and her chances of beating the disease. She fears also the chemotherapy which may or may not work. She mostly fears for the people she will leave behind, who will take care of them, and guide them as children and as young adults. She is also distressing about the pain she knows she might experience as her disease wo uld progress. And finally, she is also distressing about whether or not the medical remedies they are using would work in managing her symptoms and in possibly prolonging her life. She is in a constant state of anxiety, at times she is tearful, and at other times she is panicking. She often wrings her fingers in an obvious state of agitation and concern for her family. She also sometimes displays anger at no one in particular. At which time, she would snap at her health care givers and even at her family members. She often immediately regrets these incidents and would cry about them. At times, she would be sad and melancholy and mostly just insist on sleeping. She would also manifest a brooding and contemplative attitude; these times often lead to moments of worry and of anxiety about herself and her family’s future. She also tries to comfort her family members and just try to be strong for them; but undeniably, there are times when she is very much agitated and anxious about her condition. During these times, she registers with elevated heart rates, breathing rates, and blood pressure rates. She has had no major medical problems. Prior to giving birth to her first child, she has had no history of hospitalization. She is slightly overweight, but not overly so. She has no history of drug and alcohol abuse. She is not a smoker, and only indulges on a glass of red wine during weekends. She tries her best to maintain a healthy diet of fruits and vegetables, but she has not been able to maintain such a diet because her children are picky eaters and they dislike vegetables. Her diet mostly consists of rice, red meat, chicken; breads; potatoes, peas, carrots, fish, legumes, and fastfoods. She was diagnosed with hyperglycemia a year prior to her current admission, but such issue was resolved within one month of taking medications. She has had normal pregnancies for her three children and has carried them all to term. Her menstrual periods have been regular sinc e she first had them; but about a year ago, she started to miss periods. She did not have herself checked because she thought she was already going into menopause. She also experienced some tenderness in her breasts 2 months ago, but she did not feel much pain from the tenderness so she again did not go to her GP for consult. She felt dizzy and nauseated two weeks prior to admission and sought her GP for a consult. She was given medications for a stomach virus. After a day of taking the medications,

Dell Financial Statement Analysis of Profitability Ratios

Dell Financial Statement Analysis of Profitability Ratios Introduction Dell is a transnational corporation that develops, manufactures, sells and supports personal computers and other computer products. It came into success during the 1980s and 1990s and became the largest seller of personal computers and servers. The main difference between Dell and it competitors is that Dell sells its products directly to customers. They do so in order to better understand customers needs and provide the most effective computing solutions to meet those needs and this make Dell so unique. Furthermore Dell uses configure to order approach which means that they deliver computers configured to special customer specifications. To minimize cost just-in-time approach is implemented. Dell maintains a negative cash conversion cycle(CCC) because it uses a direct-sales model via the internet and the telephone network and receives payments for the products before it has to pay for the materials. Other very important aspect is that Dell uses pull system by building computers only after customers place orders and by requesting materials from suppliers as needed and so they avoid overproduction. Dells major competitors are Apple, Hewlett-Packard, Samsung, Sun Microsystems, Gateway, Lenovo, Sony, Acer, Toshiba and Asus. Dell stocks are trading on the NASDAQ stock market and Dell belongs to Information Technology Industry (Computer Hardware). Financial statement analysis Profitability ratios Comparing Dells and industrys operating margin, Dells is relatively larger. That means that Dell earns more per dollar of sales than industry. Same is with the 5 year average. Net profit margin is higher as well during the 2009 and 5 year average. That means that Dell generates more profit for every dollar it generate ­s in revenue or sales and of course it is a good signal for the investor as well. Dell has higher gross profit margin comparing to the industry both in recent year and 5 year average. That means that Dell is financially healthy and has a bigger proportion of money left. Return on assets is higher as well comparing both recent year and 5 year average, indicating that Dell has an efficient management and that company is able to generate more profit with its assets. To sum up all indicators shows that Dell performs better comparing to the industry, same in the short-time and in the long-time. Financial strength Dells current ratio comparing to the industry ratio is 0.28 less but still companys current ratio is larger than 1 and that means that company can easily meet short-term debt obligations. So Dell is in relatively good short-term financing standing. Since we could not find the industrys total debt to equity ratio we took Apple Company which is Dells competitor and belongs to the same industry to compare it to the Dells ratio. Dells total debt to equity ratio is 5.2 while Apples is only 0.95. Its a huge difference and it is obviously seen that companys have different management approach. Talking about Dell this kind of total debt to equity ratio can be a little bit frustrating because company with a higher debt/equity ratio may be riskier, especially in times of rising interest rates due to the additional interest that has to be paid out for the debt. But since now interest rates are at all time low, there is not a big issue, of course we need to have in mind that sooner or later interest rates will be changed and it will affect companys performance if it dont manage its debts or increase shareholders equity. We couldnt find industrys quick ratio as well, so we used Apples ratio to compare with. Apples quick ratio is 1.59 which is considerably higher than Dells 1.05. That means that Dell has less ability to use its near cash or quick assets to immediately extinguish its current liabilities To sum up Dell in financial strength didnt perform as good as in the profitability. Of course we should take into account that both companies are fallowing different strategies and overall Dells figures are not bad but should be improved to attract more investors. Growth rates Since we couldnt find industrys earnings per share average we used Apples EPS as the measure to compare with our company. Dells EPS is 1.27 while Apples 0.69. That indicates that Dells stockholders retains more earnings than Apples and its a good signal for the investor. Dell has a higher positive beta comparing to the industry. That means that stocks generally follows the market and has higher response to the market change. We think that in this time its generally good, because after credit crunch market will eventually stabilize and return to its previous positions. Dell pays no dividends because company are buying backing its stocks. Generally its a good signal for the investors because its a signal of confidence. Buy backs also increase demand for stocks driving up prices and by taking shares out of the publics hands, buybacks make earnings-per-share look better, since there are fewer shares among which to divide profits. To sum up Dell in growth rates performs well and has all attractive ratios for the investor. Fundamental analysis shows that Dell performs very well in profitability and growth rates. On the other hand it should increase its financial strength. Overall Dell seems to be good investment. Now we should examine when its the right time to buy dells stocks both for the short and long times. We will ground it by technical analysis. DuPont analysis ROE had the biggest return in 2006 and decreased sharply in 2007 because of the financial crisis. The average ROE during the 5 year period is 0.66 and Dell probably will seek to increase its REO to attract more investors. Technical analysis To analyze Dell as the investment opportunity its not enough just to rely on the fundamental analysis, so we decided to do some technical analysis to determine is it the right time to buy stocks of the company. Graph below shows the trend of the Dells stocks: Source: Nasdaq As you see now it is not the right time to buy Dells stocks. Price of the stocks break through the lower support line and decreased. We dont think that its due to companys financial stability or other major factors related to the company. For short-term investment we could recommend to wait until trend will reverse. Furthermore Dell predicts higher demand for the next year due to stabilization of the world economy, and that of course will increase shareholders equity. We think that if the world economy will stabilize and we already have indicators showing that and there will be no W shape recession Dell stock as the long-term investment is considered as good investment. Individual case analysis Capital Structure There are some possible ways how to use Debt and Equity data to get an informative info about capital structure, so to be more informative will show three charts in which there several possible ways to check how capital structure are placed. As is seen from chart Debt / Equity, debt is higher than equity and this leads to: company is aggressive in financing growth with debt. This growth expansion by issuing debt may effect on future profitability high interest expense. Debt / Equity ratio is falling down in 2009 it is good information, cause in 2008 economical turndown, debt has in proportion to equity decreased which means in more difficult times Dell have reduced risk of default. Interesting information could be taken from Debt / Market Capitalization proportion changes. As can be seen from graphs that comparing market value of a company and equity value from balance sheet, market valued company many times more than it actually is in balance sheet. This could be a signal to be more careful on investing in Dell, because it seems that Dell market price is overvalued. And in 2009 market capitalization of a company has been less then debt is it is very bad signal, but on the other hand market capitalization is going by the trend to get closer to equity value. Dell currently have long term debt by issuing bonds in the bond market, all of which are rated in A, it is in category of investment level. Longest bond maturity date is 2038-04-15. Coupon differs from 3.38% till 7.1% correlates to maturity date. Weighted Average Cost of Capital for Dell is extremely high 38%, the biggest impact of high WACC value is made by very high cost of equity which is based on calculation of ROE. ROE = 65%. High WACC shows high risk probability, increases risk of insolvency. From WACC point of view there must be issuing new debts to repurchase equity, cause by now equity requires big interests expenses. In today situation there is other sources for lower prices of debts than equity holders supplying. Payout policy One-way oriented payout policy Payouts are often called dividends. But not only dividends could be a form of companies payout, companies can repurchase its shares, and it will be called payout. As data showed Dells board of directors made a decision not to pay dividends. Company is only repurchasing its shares. It could be a signal for investors that shares are undervalued. Retained earnings and payout. From 2005 to 2009 Dells retained earnings more than doubled, from 9174 millions to 20677millions. but payout sum havent changed, and for all these 5years it was above 3000millions only in 2005 it skyrocketed to 6000millions. (See Dell balance sheet) Shares repurchases As one of the Dell corporation officers argues, Dell uses only shares repurchase as payout because of business climate. Company is located in climate which requires permanent growth. So Dell needs to invest in order to be competitive in laptops market. Shares repurchases also has same advantages over a dividends. Firstly repurchase of shares helps to reduce opportunity of dilution, or even eliminate it. Secondly it is easier for Dell to balance return for shareholders with other business objectives. And finally it gives more flexibility for shareholders to make a decision then they want to withdraw their investment. Also where some disadvantages of shares repurchases as: There could be some agency conflicts inside the company, if managers have same inside information which is unknown for other share holders they could repurchase shares for less value than intrinsic value of the shares. Shares repurchases can negatively affect liquidity of firms stock, because the will be decrease in shares outstanding. Shares repurchases can also be a result of penalties, because government or other responsible organizations can view shares repurchases as way to help shareholders to avoid taxes. It can also be a negative signal of firms future growth. Key competitors payout policies IBM IBM is one of two key competitors for Dell. Its payout policy differs from Dell, IBM pays dividends for shareholders and also repurchases shares. One of the main reasons why IBM pays dividends could be its revenues which are almost twice as big as Dells. (see table1a, table1b) HPQ HPQ second of Dells key competitor. HPQ also as IBM pays dividends to its shareholders, but amount paid in dividends is two times smaller than IBM. So companies payout policy is the middle compared with IBM and Dell payout policies. (See table2) Dell Company has long term debt. Long term debt is at the moment much bigger than in recent years. In 2009 April, Dell sold 500 million notes, later in June they sold 1 billion worth of bonds. This explains why Dell long term debt is much bigger than in recent years . In comparison Apple had no long term debt in recent years. Apple company has a lot of cash so they do not need to release new bonds and increase long term debt. Dell is an American company which as many other companies hold their part of cash outside the US. Dell chose to access capital markets in order to supplement liquidity ratio in the United States. By accessing the capital markets Dell needs to raise its long term debt. Dell also believes that its share repurchasing is good for the company, that increases operating leverage and this keeps shareholders happy to, so they spend a big part of long term debt for share repurchasing. As we see from the graph in period from 2005-2008 long term debt was not changing dramat ically. In 2008 long term debt was smaller than in last 3 years. One of the main reasons why it was lower is, that Dell was suffering from interest expenses, so they decided to repay their loans and buy back some of bonds in order to decrease interest payments. Company released coupon bonds as well. There are 7 types of bonds, all of them have A rating, and that means that these bonds are high quality. Bonds differ by coupon worth, price and maturity. Dell .GH has the longest maturity (until 2038). All bonds are callable, and that means that the issuer can redeem the bond before the maturity. These bonds most time have higher coupon rate. Short term financing Net working capital during 2005 2008 didnt change a lot, with the average NWC of 1971 million dollars, but in 2009 NWC increased dramatically nearly four-fold comparing to net working capital of 2008. To understand why Dell had such a huge increase in net working capital we need deeper investigation of its Balance Sheet. During 2007 2009 Total Current Assets increased only by 212 million dollars, so its not the driving factor which led to such huge increase in Net Working Capital, but on the Current Liabilities side a situation is different. Accounts payable decreased by 3183 millions dollars to 8309 millions by 2009 and it was the main factor which led to decreased current liabilities and furthermore an increase in Net Working Capital. Other factors like accrued expenses, notes payable, and other current liabilities decreased as well, but they played only a minor role due to a small amount of decrease. Looking at Net Working Capital, we could strongly say that Dell NWC increased due to decrease in accounts payable, which is a good signal to the investors. Dell maintains a negative cash conversion cycle(CCC) because it uses a direct-sales model via the internet and the telephone network and receives payments for the products before it has to pay for the materials. Looking at the last two years Dell improved its accounts payable and decreased to 60 days. Accounts receivable has improved as well to 28 days. Due to its improvements CCC has decreased. If we exclude years 2007 and 2008 as the abnormal receivables and payables due to the financial crisis, average accounts receivable will be 27 days, and accounts payable 73 days. From these calculations we can strongly say that Dell improved and that company will try to keep these figures stable, or improve even more. Industries receivable turnover is 6.17 (source:http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/financialHighlights?symbol=DELL.O) while Dells 9.48 in 2009. This implies that Dells collection of accounts receivable is more efficient comparing to the industry average. Industries inventory turnover is 10.26 (source: http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/financialHighlights?symbol=DELL.O) while Dells 57.84 in 2009. Comparing to the industry level, Dells inventory turnover is five-fold bigger. That may mean that company is not keeping enough inventories to meet demand. This could equate to loss of sales. But because Dell proceeds its orders only after customers place orders and by requesting materials from suppliers as needed they avoid overproduction, so high measure of inventory turnover doesnt mean that Dell is in trouble unless other companies which supply Dell with materials will struggle to meet Dells demand But that is another case. To sum it up, I think that Dell manages its working capital well, and performs in most of the cases better than the industry average. Furthermore Dell uses configure to order approach which really helped them during the crisis to avoid overproduction. Dell Net Working Capital increased dramatically and Cash Conversion Cycle decreased almost by the half. All these figures are good signals for the investors. Following the company as financial analyst Since 2005 Dells prices slightly started to fall. Even though there were periods when it lifted, the whole trend was shifting down until it plummeted during end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009. From this period company slowly recovered. However at the end of November prices dropped again. In this article stock values during September-November 2009 and major factors affecting it are described. There are also comparison of Dell with other companies, future prospects and solutions for investors included. Using a weekly review of prices following findings were made. Graph above was made by using weekly prices (in dollars) At the beginning of September stock prices started to rise quite significantly till it reached 16.6 in day 8. Then the growth became smaller and from 16.69 in day 14 it dropped to 15.04 at the end of the month. October hadnt been too promising either. At the beginning there was a rise to 15.81 then followed by slight fluctuation stock value dropped from 15.48 in day 19 to 14.45 seven days later. November seemed to be inspiring at first when the trend started rising, but then it dropped from 15.4 at day 9 to 14.29 at day 16. Towards the end of the month trend was pretty much stable, however still slightly decreasing and reached the point of 14.12 at November 30. The graphic shows some fluctuations during these three months. However after each major rise in stock price there is a lot bigger fall which determines the decreasing trend in the whole period. Stock value due to given time span lessened by 1.57. By looking from a bigger scope (the whole 2009 year) stock prices were reaching a peak during these three months which was at September 14th. However an eight month climb in stock prices slackened and continues to head down. There are few main events affecting the trend of stock prices shown in the graph. One of them is acquisition of Perot Systems the other is Dells lost position in worldwide sales from 2nd place to 3rd and the last one is sharp drop in PC sales. The agreement of Perot Systems acquisition on September 21 shows Dells willingness to expand in business and get some market share from IT services was a good sign to investors. It was a move made against Hewlett-Packard (HP) which also used this kind of expanding strategy by acquiring another service company, Electronic Data Systems Corp. This reflects that hardware industry is not as profitable as services. However Dell expects to gain earnings from this deal only at fiscal year 2012. This event hadnt boosted the price of shares significantly but at least helped keeping it from dropping even more. Dell gave its position in worldwide sales and production of PCs to Acer and it made the company lose some of its market share. This was due to strategy not to lower the prices too much even though its market share can suffer. Thats how company wanted to increase profitability. Its worth mentioning that Dell had increased sales internationally. In China, India, Brazil and Russia it was up 18 percent. China is Dells second-largest country in terms of revenue, sales there increased 20 percent. However this did not help much in keeping companies position in worldwide sales. At the end of November a big decline in PC sales appeared. This made Dells stock prices plummet. Dell has been hit by economic crisis just like other brands in computer industry. The only difference is that this particular brand has problems getting back its wellbeing even at the recovering of the IT sector. Companies like Hewlett-Packard, Apple, Acer and some others start to feel the improvement of market conditions and during November had bigger than expected profits. This was influenced by boosting their presence in retail stores and also by the popularity of so called netbook computers that mostly supplemented Acers wallet. The reason why Dell recovers so slowly is its target market. Company focused on corporations and large government agencies that had tightened their spending even at economic recovery and the demand for PCs isnt as robust as hoped. Since these customers made up to 80% of Dells revenue, loss in earnings was substantial. This benefitted Dells rivals and shaped the market by making HP top seller of PCs worldwide. Acer advanced to the second place and pushed D ell to third. Now Michael Dell CEO of company is starting to put some effort to expand Dells presence in consumer PCs sold in stores to improve its condition. When comparing Dell with its competitors big difference in their stock price can be seen. For example when looking at share price of HP during September-November there had been an increasing trend that rose by 3.96 at the end of period when looking at weakly closing prices. Apple had also boosted stock value that lifted from 170.31 to 199.91 during these three months. There are more examples of increasing value of companies in IT sector unfortunately Dell is not joining them. In future Dell market position should start recovering. Firstly the acquisition of Perot Systems should lead to an expansion not only in hardware but also in IT service niches. Also company announces to increase its earnings in short future, but mainly they are hoping to boost sales in holidays which might lead just to a seasonal uplift. Company started to change the ways of making and selling PCs by focusing on contracting the retailers and manufacturers instead of doing everything themselves. Expanding acquisitions is also the goal towards reaching more profitable markets. The release of a new operating system Windows 7 according to Dell CEO Michael Dell will hopefully also increase the sales due to positive views towards it. There seems to be many changes and factors that could help Dell to recover its wealth again. According to the trend of historical stock prices, taking into account the position of Dells competitors and considering changes that have been and will be made in the future the following solutions for the investors have been made: The stocks should not be acquired by investors that seek to gain earnings in short term and who want to invest lets say for 6-8 months and then sell their basket (a proposition also made by Jayson Noland, a senior analyst at investment firm Robert W. Baird), because there is a possibility for them to lose earnings due to down sloping trend in share price. However there can be boost in sales of PCs during holidays that can increase earnings, but this would only be a seasonal uplift. Long term investors can benefit from buying Dells shares. The price is relatively cheap comparing to other hardware producers and sooner or later the company is going to recover and bringing profit to shareholders. The only question is how long will it take for it to recover completely. Existing investors that already bought Dells shares should not panic, keep the stocks to themselves and wait for Dells recovering. By selling shares now most of them will definitely lose money and the opportunity to retrieve their accumulated earnings. There is another possibility. Investors could focus on companies in PC industry that are more successful and stable than Dell. For example HP. The price of shares is bigger, but so is the opportunity to gain wealth. In conclusion Dells financial situation comparing to other companies in IT and hardware industry does not look very good. High expectations didnt come true, but there is still a possibility to recover. By expanding to other fields and restructuring operations Dell will be able to stand on its feet however this might take several years to happen.

Discrimination Challenges Essay -- Racial Relations, Social Issues, Ha

Growing up in the early 1900’s was not easy especially if you were a women and/or black. Hansberry was both and with that, she faced discrimination challenges. As she grew as a women and writer, a person respected her more and saw her for more than her race and the fact she was a woman. Throughout her life, she fought for her rights and stood up for a cause, until her early tragic death from cancer. Lorraine Hansberry grew up during the American Civil Rights movement, managed to overcome the hard times of segregation, the lack of women’s rights, and the harsh criticism of the critics to become a strong writer, which she used to make a difference for African Americans through all her writings. #1 Hansberry grew up in trying times with her two parents, from the beginning she wanted to make a difference. â€Å"Lorrain Vivian Hansberry was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1930, to Carl A. Hansberry and Nanny Perry Hansberry and was the youngest of four children.†(#4) â€Å"Throughout her childhood, thanks to her family’s deep involvement in the black community, she was surrounded by black politics, culture, and economics. Her father, a relator, was very active in the NAACP and†¦her mother, a former schoolteacher, was a ward committeewoman†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (#4) When she was eight her family moved into a white community but was later forced out. â€Å"Hansberry learned another lesson in pride in 1938 when her father, risking jail, challenged Chicago’s real estate convents, which legally upheld housing discrimination, by moving his own family into a white neighborhood.† (#4). â€Å"Hansberry herself believed religion was a crutch†¦ and this belie f is reflected in her near-dismissal of both Christianity and the native religion of Zatembe in Les Blancs.† (Paper #2). Facing many ... ... in the Sun; Canned Film Festavel special award and Screen Writers Guide nomination, both 1961, both for screenplay, A Raisin in the Sun.† (http://libproxy.wcjc.cc.tx.us:2368) (#9) â€Å"Hansberry was named the â€Å"most promising playwrite† of the season by Variety’s poll of New York drama critic’s.†(#9) â€Å"But most critics did not perceive Hansberry as a particulary political or â€Å"black† writer, but rather as one who dealt more with human universals.† (#9) With only a short amount of time spent in this world, Hansberry was able to make difference to many people inside and outside of the literature world. She stood up for her rights, which helped her find love and peace. Hansberry faced many tough challenges throughout her life from race discrimination to harsh critics on her books and plays but she believed in herself and took charge to try to make a difference.

Duck and Cover Essay

Duck and Cover The society we live in today is so different than that of World War II. In that era the biggest threat of destroying society was the atomic bomb. In these times of today we face so many different threats of terrorism from other countries and from within our own cities. Even more than just terrorism, today’s society faces some many threats from within itself, such as Ganges in the inner cities, to the fall of inner city government through the influence from the sales of illegal drugs. The survival of a nuclear act was and all ways will be one of society’s main concerns. The atomic boom was the center of fear because, the technology had just been discovered and other countries had the technology in their hands as will. The U.S. had no real protection for the people from being acted by other countries, for the most part it was a wait and see game played with the threats between two countries. It seem to have such an impact on the people of that time it changed their life styles, from saving money for the further too the build and stocking boom shelters in their back yards. Comparing the threat nuclear war to the threat of terrorism today is different in many was in that terrorism has many different faces. Today’s terrorism comes not only from other countries but also comes from within the U.S. from some of our own people. Like the students of World War II, the students of today are still being taught to duck and cover, not for the fear of a boom but for the fear of a fellow student are someone with a cause, coming into the class and shooting it up. Technology has grown so much society of today really has no fear from other countries but more from the terrorism within the U.S†¦ For some children of today duck and cover is practice in their own homes trying to stay safe from the threat, right outside of their own front door.

White Abyss essays

White Abyss essays In a world where the need for material goods and natural resources is skyrocketing people often times forget the impact a few years of human disturbance will have on the fragile ecosystem that is planet Earth. An ongoing debate about this matter occurs between environmentalists and big business men, Democrats and Republicans, people and the planet. What are the risks to the well being of this world and the beings that live upon it should humans decide to drill deep into the ground in the middle of a wildlife sanctuary searching for a limited resource? What is the Artic National Wildlife Refuge? The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a huge portion of land in the northeastern most reaches of Alaska, which may also be home to 11.4 billion barrels of oil buried deep beneath the reserve. The 8.9 million square acre reserve became a protected area in 1957 when Secretary of the Interior Fred Seaton set out to preserve the unique wildlife, wilderness, and recreational values of what was then known as the Arctic National Wildlife Range. The range was renamed Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), doubled in size to over 19 million square acres, and drilling for oil in this area was outlawed in 1980, when Congress passed a law stating that: Production of oil and gas from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is prohibited and no leasing or other development leading to production of oil and gas from the [refuge] shall be undertaken until authorized by an act of Congress. The ANWR has come to be known as the American Serengeti for its unmatched number of wildlife inhabitants and natural beauty. Among others polar bears, caribou, and over 160 species of migratory birds make their home in the ANWR. The refuge is in fact home to the greatest concentration and variation of wildlife north of the Arctic Circle (defenders.org/wildlife/arctic/arissue.html). The ANWR is not only home to the...

buy custom Virtual Leadership essay

buy custom Virtual Leadership essay There are different leadership styles that cause high degree of job satisfaction in the participants of virtual teams. Virtual teams are a way to obtain, blend and apply knowledge to attain the want of high quality, low cost, rapid solution to complex problems via maintaining a corroborative network. Currently, it is found that the act of creating virtual teams at workplace is increasing at the rate of about twenty million in America. A quantitative research was conducted. A method of correlation was used to measure the behaviors associated with different styles of leadership and the needs relating to leadership of the virtual followers. This type of correlation is expected to explicit positive job satisfaction between leaders and team members. It was assumed that this association would increase job satisfaction. (Hitson, 2008) This survey was conducted from about twenty three countries. The survey items were web based and contained items based upon Likert scale. The items were based upon Leadership behaviors applied leadership behaviors desired and job satisfaction. The aim of the study was to find out correlation between the leadership style, leadership behaviors, and follower desired Leadership behavior and job satisfaction. The results showed that a certain amount of correlation do exist between leaders leadership behaviors and the desired leadership behavior of the followers and job satisfaction. a correlation was also find that self-management styles of leadership. It was found that this type of correlation increases job satisfaction within the virtual teaming environments. (Hitson, 2008) The importance of this approach is that it has been used not only in the expansion of knowledge but also in explains the perception of virtual leaders under the light of different leadership theories. It makes people aware of the virtual team of the job satisfaction of the work force but also of the different methods of leadership. Study suggests, creation of a successful team it is important to have strong and appropriate leadership. This study is expected to make a positive addition in the realm of the studies conducted in the spheres of virtual knowledge. With the technological development in the world people are encountering higher degree of long distance communication challenges. Communication is expected to exchange information as well as thoughts and ideas in an accurate and effective manner. This notion of Christine suggests that it is necessary for the leaders nowadays to possess certain skills with the help of which they can interact with people in a successful manner. Leaders must have skills to lead with success in this widely altering world. It is necessary for the leader to aware people of the virtual communication methods present. In this way they will be able to select the most felicitous for themselves and their organization. (Christine, 2008) Today with the technological empowerment of the world people are working for the same organization at many different places. This has created the maintenance of an effective communication really challenging. It is really difficult nowadays to communicate with the organization in an effective manner. The author in here is trying to find out the methods utilizing with the leaders of Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH) Information Management System (IMIS) can utilize technology to create communication effectively. Methods that will ensure their staffs appointment to such sources and information that is necessary for their working skills. (Christine, 2008) Christine conducted a study was conducted to find out the ability of the virtual leaders to become a part of a communicative environment and how will they bridge distance communication. This study assisted IMIS by giving them strategies with the help of which leaders will select appropriate method of communication. It was expected to promote and advocate the strategic direction of VCH in the development of a strengthened organization. (Christine, 2008) Nowadays, it is necessary for the leaders to maintain effective methods of technological communication. Those who lead and communicate over long distances undergo various challenges while adopting certain virtual ways of communication. It is necessary to maintain a healthy and strong communication. This will help leaders to develop a sense of doing and respect in their employees. It is important for the leaders to increase their consciousness of communicating virtually and to abreast themselves for selecting the right method of communication. That will help them communicate in a successful manner. (Christine, 2008) The very first VCH activity of regionalizing themselves was the creation. IMIS. It is necessary for the virtual leaders to maintain good communication with their staff as it is really a challenge for them to maintain an effective communication with in such limited time of interaction. The medium of communication selected by the leader also affect the communication strategies. Leaders can use video conferencing and email to convey their messages to the students working at long distances. (Christine, 2008) The continuous reliance of VCH upon technological methods of working is making it difficult for it to hire and hold qualified employees to advocate and sustain technology. A large number ofhighly educated and qualitative workers are needed to maintain a negative accept on the workers to sustain the organization. It is necessary for the leaders of the VCH to get abreast with the continuous developments and trends. The medium of communication selected by the leader also affect the communication strategies According to a survey about one point five million citizens of Canada communicate virtually on daily basis. VCH is a health services providing agency and it incorporate a large staff scattered in the entire Britain. The finding of this study left many implications of the virtual communication. This is because this area is continuously in the state of continuous alteration and environment. (Christine, 2008) Nowadays, the prospect of working from a place away from the head office of the company/organization is being given a lot of importance. Despite this high amount of attention towards working virtually the role of virtual leader seem to be neglected. A considerably little amount of work has been done in this field. Stella conducted research to study the impact of virtual leaders upon the performance and satisfaction of their employees. He surpassed and substituted transactional, transformational and no leadership with conscientiousness, feedback and climate for well-being. After analyzing different leadership theories in the study it was found that the impact of leaders role was consequential, with the members of the transactional conditions and transfusion conditions. Besides, many interesting outcomes among the leadership styles and performance conscientiousness, (Julie, 2003) According to a survey virtual leadership has increased to a considerable extent. Estimates show that about twenty eight million people did virtual working in 2001 and about 19.6 million in 1999. It seems that virtual work has potential benefits for employees traditionally, leaders provide increased flexibility, less commute time, fewer distractions etc. it seems that the leadership of virtual have lucrative utopia rather than desolate wasteland. Transformational leadership is seemed to be equal to the transactional leadership. It is necessary for the virtual leaders to maintain good communication with their staff as it is really a challenge for them to maintain an effective communication with in such limited time of interaction in the studies conducted upon virtual leadership shrewd and devious management has to be strengthened with appropriate impacts. Usually, the members of distance based leadership use implicit leadership theory while communicating with each other. (Julie, 2003) Distance leader are seemed more prototypical than close leaders. This shows that the virtual leadership is inevitably vague and general. Neither of the variable showed and impact upon the job satisfaction. This was explained on the prospect that the reason for it was the task assigned to the workers was not very much satisfactory. Therefore, one can not be consistent that the task is not satisfactory or something likes that. It could have been accepted that shrewd management of transformational leaders is quite effective. Transformational leadership if used to be done manipulation needs to be managed properly and given satisfaction and maintained a want to create workers virtually. In short it seems that both union of transactional and transformational leadership is very much important for the maintenance of performance and creation of satisfaction in the virtual workers. (Julie, 2003) This study is seemed to be equivalent with the prospect the virtual leaders are perceived by staff consistent with known leadership theory. This shows that the adoption of transactional leadership style is necessary for the virtual leaders and workers. This will help gather continuous communication and feedback. This was explained on the prospect that the reason for it was the task assigned to the workers was not very much satisfactory A considerably little amount of work has been done in this field This study provided a path to the leaders that the organizational and industrial psychologist should see and try to understand the way using which virtual leaders influence employees doing their work near the main office. There was a considerable amount of variation in the qualities of people working virtually (Julie, 2003) Today, the issue of globalization is influencing many companies and has noticeable affect on the work nature. Organizations are developing certain trans-national teams to perform in an effective manner. It will help to overcome certain means of efficiency and flexibility to reduce certain problems. Therefore, it seems that if one worked in circumstances which are scattered it will positively affect teams. This will reduce opportunities of informal collaboration and knowledge sharing. (Chris Kimble, Feng Li and Alexis Barlow, 2000) International working creates tension in the working of the teams because they have to tackle both geographic barriers, time, culture and in some cases language differences In order to understand the barriers faced by the members of virtual teams one should understand that the physical boundaaries do not have any impact on informational economy it is important to understand the nature of the novel boundaries to appreciate the informational economy. (Chris Kimble, Feng Li and Alexis Barlow, 2000) Outsourcing, downsizing and programs of planned redundancy all reduce the staffing level because the employee turnover rate rises. It is easy to use new knowledge in place of the original foundations this is because the people leave and create problems for the virtual leaders. Besides, most of the companies today have to tackle with the high level problems with the international organizations. The demand is now on high level of needs to manipulate and attain more knowledge in the groups. (Chris Kimble, Feng Li and Alexis Barlow, 2000) The idea of the development and maintenance of virtual teams is being greatly perplexed with the ideas like virtual and networked organizations, the virtual workplace, virtual communities, electronic commerce and some forms of teleworking. To understand the possibilities of situations they have been classified in to eight categories. (Chris Kimble, Feng Li and Alexis Barlow, 2000) Four of these consisted of employees working for one particular company while the rest to the virtual group whose members are not the working for one particular organization but are working for many different organization from different sites of the world. In the first for of situation experts are selected from the particular organization these are production planners and production operatives. The second category is mostly used in the consultants or external assessors or in business to business activities like B2B e-commerce. This categorization also depends upon the principle of proximity to explicit whether employees are geographically close to each other or are scattered. A work-cycle synchronicity was designed to understand the interaction of the participants at different time periods. (Chris Kimble, Feng Li and Alexis Barlow, 2000) The efficiency and effectiveness of the virtual teams has been greatly affected by the spatial and temporal distance between its members. This notion is significant in both cases whether the members are communicating with its own far fetched employees or a communication is being take place among different organizations. (Chris Kimble, Feng Li and Alexis Barlow, 2000) The working of virtual teams in an effective manner is very much necessary while maintaining trust and identity. However, the identity of the virtual teams becomes vague in case of spatial and temporal separation of the team members. Several signs of personality and society positions we are used with are not present in the real world of existence. In the real world the self is considered as united from inheritance. The body is defined to be an explicit method of defining identity. It serves as and anchor of the self which is confound in reality. However, the world of virtuality is different from the real world. It is made up of the information in spite of matter. The information is expected to scatter and diffuse. The information conservation law is deficient in it. The participants of the electronic world are not close to each other rather they are diffused and are not bound physically with each other. It is easy for one to develop many virtual personality utilizing ones time and en ergy. (Chris Kimble, Feng Li and Alexis Barlow, 2000) Chris et all conducted a study to understand the ideas and working of virtual teams and to point out the hurdles in the effective functioning of virtual teams. About ten case studies of diverse virtual organizations were used in this study. These focused upon the enlarged application f virtual teams around the world and the advantages they give to the organizations and individuals. These case studies also focus upon certain impediments caused in the spatial and temporal separation of team members. Face to face interviews, emails, faxes, company reports and telephone calls were used to collect data. (Chris Kimble, Feng Li and Alexis Barlow, 2000) The interpretation of the case studies proved that certain barriers of technical nature do exist in the virtual communication. These hurdles consist of unreliable systems and incompatible networks to slow computers and traffic congestion. Virtual leaders mostly communicate with their members via voice, data, text, video and shared whiteboard. Usage of these is helpful in creating an integrated broadband telecommunication infrastructure. Notwithstanding, these devices are unavailable at many places. Installation of such infrastructure would be definitely costly for the people. There is a great want for the expertise in the up gradation of time. In addition the highly increasing users expectations are also barriers to the success of virtual teams. These may be necessary to support virtual teams. This shows that The problems faced by team working in virtual setting are different from those faced by people working in the geographical proximity. For instance, constraints of time zones, lack of non-verbal cues, cultural differences, problems of trust and identity. This restriction of characteristics helps in the effective understanding of the virtual leadership. (Chris Kimble, Feng Li and Alexis Barlow, 2000) Buy custom Virtual Leadership essay

Key Performance Indicators Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Key Performance Indicators - Assignment Example Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is â€Å"a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis† (ECCJ 2006). This paper aims at providing an overview of the theoretical and conceptual developments in relation to the increased emphasis on social accountability of those who are responsible for managing businesses and Corporate Social Responsibility, which in turn assists the businesses to establish corporate policies and practices which are meant to pose a positive impact on the social environment. In the modern business world of today, each industry and business plays the role of bringing stability by satisfying the needs of the customers. As the businesses all around the world are growing and developing, every interested individual or organization, whether he is a consumer or investor is asking corporations to conduct their operations in a more efficient and accountable way, which conforms to the ethical requirements. This emerging demand from the elements within the society has forced the organizations to adopt a modern concept named CSR. This paper generally focuses on the theoretical fra mework related to CSR and developments related to CSR in the world so as to analyze the businesses and their operations on these identified parameters. What is Corporate Social Responsibility... Customers got chance to network purchase by 750 store located in UK. Per year 130 million customers got services and 6 millions ordered by online and phone. The important factors that help to move forward to the company are Differentiated and market leading formats, Leveraging scale and infrastructure, Product ranges and related services, Delivering value to the customer, Efficient cost base and financial strength etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘JD Sports’ is another retail company running in UK. From 1981, in Oxford Street, the company started their business and clothing, footwear, sports items and accessories are the main products. The company earns more than ? 769.8 million in 2010 financial year. Kesa electronic company sells electronic items. â€Å"The principal products sold by the group are categorized as white, brown and grey electrical goods and related accessories. White goods comprise large and small sized domestic appliances, such as refrigerators, washing ma chines, microwaves, coffee machines and irons† (Products and Services 2011, para. 1). Gray goods are included telecommunications and multimedia products like mobile phone, Computers, digital cameras scanner, printer etc. Brown goods means all vision and audio products like  DVD players, flat-screen televisions, MP3 players and camcorders. The company â€Å"is ideally placed to offer associated services such as home delivery and installation, credit and extended warranties. In addition, the development of digital convergence has provided us with the opportunity to offer a range of ‘paid for’ services† (Products and Services 2011, para. 5). The company’s group revenue was increased to 7.6% that up to â‚ ¬2567 million. The company effectively approached with corporate social

Management and Organizational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management and Organizational Behaviour - Essay Example According to Mullins, "Organisational behaviour does not encompass the whole of management; it is more accurately described in the narrower interpretation of providing a behavioural approach to management" (Mullins, 1993, p.2). rganizational behaviour includes people behaviour, management processes, organizational context and processes, and the influence of external environment. The term "behaviour science" is used to explain "a selective, interdisciplinary approach to the study of human behaviour" (Mullins, 1993, p.2-3). The main disciplines, which help to explain the nature of organizations and human behaviour, are psychology, anthropology and sociology. 2. An organization can be considered as a single system. Organizational factors are interdependent, and "cannot be studied in isolation" (Mullins, 1993, p.2). The main headings include the individual, the group, the organization and the environment. The individual can be seen in isolation or as a part of a group, "in response to expectations of organization" or environmental influences (Mullins, 1993, p.3). For the college under analysis, an individual represents by a student and a teacher, a managerial staff member, etc. An important aspect of the study of organizations is the study of people -behaviour in groups. This can give indications of why certain groups are effective and others are not. Group members in an organization will have one or more goals in common, such as students groups, teaching and management staff. Communication is essential within each group and members of a group have roles to play in order to achieve the group task. Expected behaviour patterns are developed within each group and these are referred to as norms. The organization is the basic framework within which individuals and groups behaviour occur. A college itself represents a formal structure of organization within which individuals and groups interact in order to reach the common goal. The quality and nature of the decisions made are influence by the nature of the structure. The environment contains a range of influences that affect an organization. They include: socio-demographic, technological, economic and political factors. In general, the environment of the eastern European countries can be characterized as economically unstable and backward in contrast to leading European countries. For this reason, to stress the importance of how the college is positioned with respect to its environment is necessary. 3. An open-system view recognizes that the social system is in a dynamic relationship with its environment, whereby inputs are received, transformed and outputs are passed on. Morgan in "Images of Organization" (1986 cited Mullins 1993, pp.6-7) singles out "contrasting metaphors" which help to understand organizational behaviour. They include: machines, organisms, brains, cultures, political systems, psychic prisons, flux and transformation, instruments of dominance. According to Morgan "viewing organisations as machines can provide the basis for efficient operation in a routine, reliable and predictable way". The college structure can be viewed as a bureaucratic structure which consists of parts that managed in accordance with changing environment. Organisms mean leaving systems which are able to adapt changes of rapidly changing environment. The college structure is a flexible system which reacts on changes and adapts

Bogota and Copenhagen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bogota and Copenhagen - Essay Example The specific projects in each city that worked towards addressing transportation and mobility issues in dense urban centers where the popularization of the use of bicycles and the dedicated bus that works like a train. Copenhagen is already popular for the use of the bicycle as bicycle lanes were part of the urban design and integrated into the city. Bogota is still in the process of promoting bicycle use among its population. There is, however, one project in Bogota that differs from Copenhagen and that is the use of dedicated buses. This concept is borrowed from Brazil where there are buses that works like a train where it has its own lane and stations.These projects are definitely democratic. In Copenhagen, the use of cheap bicycles is already embedded in the society’s fabric. Efforts have been done in Bogota to raise the social status of using bicycle so that nobody would be embarrassed in using a bicycle. But more than the use of bicycle, the city government of Bogota mak es sure that the use of public transportation would allow its passenger to arrive at its destination in the same time as the use of private cars. This would remove the distinction between the two modes of transportation thereby democratizing mobility. These efforts are both effective because it has achieved its objective of removing the time difference in arriving at their respective destinations. All it takes is a political will. It is not difficult to put dedicated bicycle lanes and to put dedicated lanes and stations to buses.

Beazer Homes Case Essay Example for Free

Beazer Homes Case Essay Investors were lead to believe that the company financials were healthier than they actually were, as evidenced by the changes noted when the financial statements had to be restated. As a result of doing this, investors who were under the impression of a healthier position, continued to invest in an organization that was essentially doing nothing more than stealing their money; money which could have been invested into a different enterprise rather than padding the pockets of executives that didnt earn it. As a result of having to restate financial statements, the per share price of Beazer Homes dropped from the $35/share price level in may, to approximately $11/share by the end of July. This is a significant loss in wealth for investors. In addition to the allegations against Mr. Rand for possible accounting fraud, allegations were also brought against Beazer Homes for mortgage fraud. To address the question as to which is a more serious offense, it would be our opinion that both would carry an equal weight of seriousness. On the one hand, investors were misled, as noted above, and this led to a significant loss of wealth for many, especially those individuals and/or institutions that may have held a large position. On the other hand, to address the issue of mortgage fraud, new homeowners were oftentimes cheated out of money that they paid to Beazer Homes. A example of this is when Beazer Homes would require purchasers to pay a fee for interest discount points at closing. Then Beazer Homes would keep the cash received and not lower the interest rate. This is just one example, but it can be an extremely costly one when you look at how much a . 25 percent or . 5 percent reduction in an interest rate can be over the life of a 20 or 30 year fixed rate mortgage; thats if Beazer Homes wasnt trying to convince people that an adjustable rate or hybrid mortgage would be better for their situation. Additionally, Beazer Homes ignored income requirements when making loans to unqualified purchasers, which not only put the purchaser in jeopardy of having the income needed to make their ayments, but in the event of default or foreclosure, it can have a significant impact on the home values of the neighborhood. As a result of these legal issues with Beazer Homes, the SEC issued a notice to the Beazer Homes CEO called the Wells notice. The Wells notice was created under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which states that if a firm has to restate their financial statements, the SEC can require the CEO and CFO to return any and all bonuses that were received during the period of restated financial statements. Additionally, the CEO and CFO do not need to have any knowledge of errors. The SEC issued the Wells notice to the Beazer Homes CEO, Ian J. McCarthy, on 13 November 2009, indicating that the SEC would be brining a civil case against him to collect incentive compensation. In the notice issued to the CEO, there was no indication or allegations of cover-up, or misconduct, on the part of Mr. McCarthy with respect to the financial statements or other disclosures that were published during the period in question.

Mary Shelley: The Woman Behind the Monster

Mary Shelley: The Woman Behind the Monster Though Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley experienced countless trials and tribulations throughout her life, she endured them and they in turn, shaped her into the amazing writer she came to be. Mary was not her parents first child. Her half-sister was from a past relationship between her mother and a man from England. Her father was distraught when her mother died shortly after Marys birth. Shortly after her death, he began looking for more suitable women to be his new wife because he knew he could not look after the two small girls by himself. When Mary Shelley was born, her name was Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin. She was born on August 30, 1797 in Somers Town, London. She was the second child of Mary Wollstonecraft, a famed educator, writer, and philosopher. She was the first child of William Godwin, a novelist, philosopher, and journalist. She also had a half-sister Fanny, who came about as a result of her mothers past relations with a man from America. Mary was named after her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft. The original Mary had a drunker aristocrat for a father who failed at everything he attempted, and a mother who was a nondescript Irish woman. Mary first made her mark on the world when she opened a school alongside her sisters at the age of twenty-one. The school quickly failed, so Mary began traveling. She first stopped in Ireland, where she maintained a position as a governess for a time. Afterwards, she moved to London and worked for a publisher named James Johnson. After leaving London in 1792, she traveled to France to see the Revolution. Here she met Gilbert Imlay, an American man captaining a merchant ship. Mary Wollstonecraft and Gilbert Imlay moved in together and lived this way until Mary gave birth to her daughter Fanny. She gave Fanny the last name Imlay. Before long, Imlay left Mary to fend for herself and take care of little Fanny alone. Mary decided to return to England with Fanny after being deserted. She attempted suicide in her depressed state and failed. She once again started working for James Johnson and began writing novels, political essays and history pieces. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is perhaps the one piece of literature that brought Mary Wollstonecraft to fame. It was published in 1792 and she was viewed as a pioneer for womens rights from then on. In her eyes, men and women should be raised, educated, and treated as equals. She believed that they should learn to live and coexist in peace and harmony with one another so long as neither of the two forgot their place. Her belief was that it was the privilege as well as the duty of women to bear the children while the men were privileged to have a superior legal position. Mary Wollstonecrafts views led her to a meeting held by William Godwin, the man that would eventually come to be her husband. William was the son of a Nonconformist clergyman. He himself was part of the Calvinist ministry, but only for a few short years. His first book, Life of Chatham, was written after the works of some French enemies of organized religion, such as Voltaire, made him realize he wanted to take a different approach. He then became a philosopher-historian. After he wrote History of the Commonwealth of England, it was proved as sound by scholars. He also wrote a series of sermons titled Sketches of History. His most famous piece of work was Political Justice, which was published four years before baby Marys birth. He showed his literary versatility by writing not only a number of novels and a handful of plays, but when Mary was five years old he began publishing childrens books. His most popular childrens stories were the Tales from Shakespeare by his friends Mary and Charles Lamb, and his very own work Life of Chaucer. He had many followers of Godwinism, as they called his philosophy. Some of his philosophical disciples were William Hazlitt, William Wordsworth, Robert Southey, Coleridge and Lamb. Percy Bysshe Shelley, a poet, was particularly intrigued by the ideas proposed in Political Justice. He began inserting the themes of Godwinism into his poetry as well as trying to live out the principles. He was found to be a particularly devoted follower while the others eventually outshined Godwin and his philosophy. William Godwin was handsome and slender in his youth, but he eventually became overweight and balding and his vision was quickly depleting. He hardly looked like the kind of man that would effectively influence the lives of millions of people. Even his most devoted followers described him as cold, impersonal and ever remote (Gerson 4,5). He ate excessively, borrowed money from anyone who was willing, and the most anyone could say about him was that he rarely smoked a pipe and drank very little. Still to this day no one understands why his followers worshiped him so much. William Godwin was forty years old when he met thirty-six-year-old Mary Wollstonecraft in 1796. Although he was unaware of it yet, Mary was smashing his theories to pieces. The two met each other at one of Williams social gatherings regularly held at his home at 7 Evesham Buildings in Somers Town on the outskirts of London. After a short period of time, the two began attending the theater, dining, strolling through London and frequenting coffeehouses together. Their mutual friends believed their relationship originated simultaneously in their minds, if not made in heaven. Mary was perhaps one of the most intelligent women of her day, and Godwin dropped his cold aura and allowed himself to melt when he was in her presence. They began an affair in the fall of 1796 with no intention of getting married as neither of them particularly liked the restrictive terms of marriage. Mary then moved only a few doors down from him for convenience. They each wanted to maintain their independence, and they went to great lengths to do so, much to the amusement of their friends. They established separate social lives, neither one taking the other for granted. In February of 1797, Mary discovered she was pregnant and everything changed as a result. Godwins friends would suggest that William was anxious to have the ceremony performed. Although he personally was indifferent, he knew that Mary would be forsaken for birthing a child out of wedlock, and the illegitimate child would suffer. William also said he had grown fond of Marys small daughter Fanny, whom he was teaching to read, and whom he wanted to receive his last name as well. William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft were joined in holy matrimony on March 29, 1797 at the altar of Saint Pancras Church. They newly married couple tried to maintain at least the idea of their independence. They still lived in their separate houses a few doors apart, talked daily and only ate together when one of them arranged an invitation to do so. They always ate their lunches and dinners together at one of their houses, and they were completely oblivious to the fact that everyone, including their close friends, laughed at their exaggerated courtesy. Godwin knew his wife was approaching her due date, and it set him on edge. He could no longer focus on his work and the notes he wrote to her gradually got shorter and more closed-off as time went on. Marys labor was difficult enough that she had to be tended to by three physicians, one midwife, and two ladies who were close friends. The infant girl was born in the late evening of August 30, 1797. William suggested that they give her Marys name, and she agreed. Later that night, Mary started suffering complications and for the next week and a half, she was under the constant attention of the three physicians. Godwin only left the room for the purpose of comforting Fanny. On September 9, she started to rapidly lose what was left of her strength, and on September 10, 1797, Mary Wollstonecraft died. Godwin realized that he was unfit to raise a three-year-old girl and an infant by himself. Several of the couples friends volunteered to assist him, and a cook, a serving maid and a housemaid were all hired to tend to the house. Godwin realized that the only sufficient way to sufficiently solve his problem, and that was to remarry. Godwin met his first candidate in 1798- a woman by the name of Miss Harriet Lee. She was a headmistress of a girls school in Bath, and collaborated with her sister Sophia to write a childrens version of the Canterbury Tales. Godwin proposed to Harriet Lee in a letter after only a month. She ended the relationship because she understood the situation and why he was so hasty to remarry. Godwin waited no more than a month after Maria Reveley, the wife of a close friend, had been widowed before he proposed to her. However, she was a good judge of character and declined his advances. The family dynamics soon changed with Godwins marriage to Mary Jane Clairmont in 1801 (Mary Shelley 1). Godwin first met Mrs. Clairmont while they were both on an outing in the park with their two children. The four children would play together while the adults were left to sit and chat. They were married on December 21, 1801, the same year the new family had moved into the neighborhood. Fanny was unwilling to obey her stepmother at first, but she soon was made to understand that there was a particular time and place to run wild. Mary, however, had grown to hate her stepmother. The only memories of her stepmother that Mary recorded are bad ones (Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley 1). Mary could not deny that her stepmother took good care of her and her sister along with her own children, Charles and Jane, but she resented her nonetheless. The four children were joined by a new sibling, a little boy named William, when Mary Jane Godwin gave birth in 1803. Though her stepsister Jane was sent to a proper boarding school, Mary was never properly educated because Mary Jane Godwin saw no reason to do so. Mary had no interest in doing anything deemed a womans job. She would often burn food or let water boil over when being taught the basics of cooking because she was too busy reading. Mary read more than she did anything else. Her father had an extensive library which she often took advantage of. She could sometimes be found reading by her mothers grave, though she did not know her. She also enjoyed daydreaming- it offered her an outlet into her imagination. She quickly found another creative escape in the form of writing. According to The Life and Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft, she stated that As a child I scribbled; and my favourite pastime, during the hours given me for recreation, was to write stories.' Her first poem, Mounseer Nongtongpaw was published in 1807 through the publishing company her father started thanks to his new wife. By the time she was a teenager, Mary was in desperate need of a change of scenery as it was taking a large toll on her health. Her father arranged for her to stay with some friends in Dundee, Scotland. Little did she know that she would meet her future husband upon his return to Scotland. Percy Bysshe Shelley was one of William Godwins followers for a period of time in 1812. A year before he had become a follower of Godwinism, he had eloped with one of his sisters friends, Harriet Westbrook while they were both nineteen years old. History says that Mary Godwin met Percy Bysshe Shelley in the summer of 1813 when Mary, who was almost sixteen years old at the time, came home to London for a visit. Percy Shelley would also have been in London at that time, along with his now-pregnant wife, Harriet. It may have been possible that Mary and Percy met several times unknowingly, seeing as Percy was at Marys fathers house so often in order to further his discipleship under the famed philosopher. Percy began to fall in love with Mary, and he confessed this to her on one of their walks to Marys mothers grave at St Pancras churchyard on June 26, 1814. When Godwin found out about this on July 8, he forbade Mary to see Shelley any longer (A Biographical Sketch of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851) 1). On July 18, 1814, Mary agreed to accompany Shelley in his flee to France after he threatened to commit suicide. They took Marys stepsister Jane, now calling herself Claire, with them. Mary gives birth to a premature baby girl, whom she names Clara, on February 22, 1815. The baby dies two weeks later. As a part of the healing process from the baby, Claire suggests that the two accompany her to Lake Geneva in Switzerland. Mary and Percy Shelley finally marry on December 30, 1816. After reading ghost stories together with some friends, Mary decided that she, along with the others, would write a horror story. This brings forth the birth of her most renowned book, Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, published in March of 1818. She had been having nightmares about the death of her daughter, and her anxiety is what is believed to have brought this on. Mary was widowed at the age of twenty-four after a sailing accident in which Percy Shelley drowned. She later died at the age of fifty-three on February 1, 1851 due to brain cancer. She was buried at St Peters Church in Bournemouth, with the remains of her late husbands heart. Mary Shelley was born in 1797 in London, England and died in 1851. She was the daughter of two equally progressive thinkers, William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, which set the cast of her persevering intellect and her advanced education (Spark 18). She married Percy Bysshe Shelley in the year of 1816 and they traveled quite a lot together. Her most famous novel, Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, is viewed as perhaps the beginning of the science fiction genre. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley endured many struggles throughout her lifetime, but that is what has made her into such an amazing writer and that is why she is viewed so highly in the literary community today.   Works Cited A Biographical Sketch of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851). Victorianweb.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2017. Gerson, Noel Bertram. Daughter of Earth and Water: A Biography of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. New York: W. Morrow, 1973. Web. Mary Shelley. Biography.com. AE Networks Television, 18 Nov. 2016. Web. 06 Jan. 2017. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Poetry Foundation. Poetry Foundation, n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2017. Spark, Muriel, and Mary Wollstonecraft. Shelley. Mary Shelley: A Biography. New York: New American Library, 1988. Web. 06 Jan. 2017. Sands 10 Mary Shelley: The Woman Behind the Monster Introduction paragraph Overview of her life Her impact Early Life Family background Growing up Moving forward Meeting new people Traveling the world Writings Where it started Her impact on the literary community Conclusion paragraph Overview of her life Restate introduction paragraph